一、什么是同位语当2个指同一人某种事物的句子成分放到同样部位时，若在其中一个句子成分是用以表明或表述另一个句子成分的，那麼用以起表明或表述功效的句子成分就称为另一成份的同位语。

如：

Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.

艾达·迈尔，BBC的新闻记者，规定访谈。

Influenza, a common disease, has no cure.

流行感冒是一种常见疾病，无专用药。

Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university.

玛丽莱就是我所了解的最聪明的女孩之一，她正提前准备读大学。

Who is that man, the first in the front row?

前座第一个人到底是谁?

We have two children, a boy and a girl.

大家有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。

之上所举的同位语事例全是同位语的基础方式，一般不容易错误。但有有几种同位语，或因为身本构造独特，或因为它装饰的成份构造较为独特，通常会造成误会。现总结并举例子以下，期待造成学生们的留意。

二、独特同位语梳理

1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语

如：

Are you two reading?

大家二人在去看书吗?

They three joined the school team.

她们三人报名参加了篮球社。

She has great concern for us students.

她对大家学员很关注。

He asked you boys to be quiet.

他要大家男孩儿清静些。

We girls often go to the movies together.

大家女生常常一起去看电影。

2. 不定式作为同位语

Soon came the order to start the general attack.

迅速下发了进行主攻的指令。

(to start the general attack与the order同位)

He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.

他照嘱咐沿某一条街走，我还在那边接他到了车。

(to walk along…与the instruction同位)

3. -ing词性标注作为同位语

He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck.

他今夜获得一个开货车的事情。

(driving a track与a job同位)

She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.

她在一家干洗店获得一个熨衣服的岗位。

(ironing shirts与a place同位)

The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

第一个方案是突袭，被拒绝了。

(attacking at night与the first plan同位)

4. 修饰词作为同位语

如：

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

现阶段的展销会，是迄今为止经营规模较大 的，已经广州市举办。

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.

他读过许多 书，从古至今都是有。

People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.

街坊四邻的人都赶到街边收看游街。

【注】这类同位语与定语较为贴近，可转化成定语从句。

如：

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

5. none of us这类的构造作为同位语

如：

We none of us said anything.

大家谁也没讲话。

We have none of us large appetites.

大家谁食量都并不大。

They neither of them wanted to go.

她们两个人都不愿去。

They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence.

她们两个人谁也没能获得她的信赖。

【注】留意，同位语并不危害之后语句宾语的“数”。

如：

学员每个人都是有一本词典。

正：The students each have a dictionary.

误：The students each has a dictionary.

请较为下边一句（宾语用了奇数，由于each为语句主语）：

正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

6. 从句作为同位语（即同位语从句）

如：

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.

她们给你得病犯愁。

I received a message that she would be late.

我获得的信息内容说她将会晚到。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

明日放假了的信息不实。

The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong.

你能不动脑子做此工作中的念头是不正确的。

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